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Influence of a predator on the suitable foraging behaviour of sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus L nike free 5.0+ red Journal HomeCurrent IssueAOPArchiveTHIS ARTICLE free best free saving PDFReferencesExport citationExport referencesSend to a friendMore articles like thisTable of Contents Very last Nature 275, 642 644ACCORDING to the principle of natural collection, Everyone animal is assumed to maximise its inclusive fitness1. Which means, Observed behaviour patterns should result from seo processes involving costs and benefits measured in a currency of fitness2,3. Certain foraging strategies have been established to maximise energy intake per unit time3 Maximisation of the rate of energy intake, In contrast, Is an optimal strategy only if feeding behaviour does not conflict along with needs, Like detection of predators. If the foraging animal runs a bad risk of being preyed upon, The suitable strategy may be a compromise of both needs. A predator's influence on optimal foraging has been suffered from, Happen to be, Only in a theoretical manner3,5. We have investigated cures experimentally using threespined sticklebacks(Gasterosteus aculeatus) Assaulting a swarm of water fleas(Daphnia magna). We report here that after exposure to a model of an avian predator the sticklebacks' foraging behaviour changes such that they attack swarm regions of lower density which provide a lower feeding rate but should improve their ability to detect an approaching predator. This is predicted by a model using Pontryagin's standard of maximisation.